Pakupera kwa1995, World Health Organization (WHO) yakatara Kurume 24 seZuva rePasirose reChifuva.
1 Kunzwisisa chirwere cheTB
Chifuva (TB) chirwere chisingaperi chinobata munhu, chinonziwo "chirwere chekunwa". Ichi chirwere chinotapukira zvikuru chinotapukira chinokonzerwa ne mycobacterium tuberculosis inopinda mumuviri wemunhu. Hachikanganisirwi nezera, murume kana mukadzi, rudzi, basa uye nzvimbo. Nhengo dzakawanda dzemuviri wemunhu dzinogona kutambura nechirwere cherurindi, icho pakati pacho chiri chirwere chinowanzoonekwa.
Tuberculosis chirwere chisingaperi chinotapuriranwa chinokonzerwa neMycobacterium tuberculosis, iyo inopinda munhengo dzemuviri wese. Nekuti nzvimbo inowanzo batwa nayo chirwere ichi imapapu, inowanzonzi tuberculosis.
Vanhu vane chirwere cheTB vanodarika 90% vanotapukirwa nekufema. Varwere vane chirwere cheTB vanotapukirwa nekukosora, kuhotsira, kuita ruzha rukuru, zvichiita kuti madonhwe ane chirwere cheTB (anonzi madonhwe madiki) abudiswe mumuviri uye vanhu vane hutano hwakanaka vafemerwe.
2 Kurapa varwere veTB
Kurapa nemishonga ndiyo musimboti wekurapa chirwere cherurindi. Kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando dzehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya, kurapwa nechirwere cherurindi kunogona kutora nguva yakareba. Kune chirwere cherurindi chemapapu, mishonga yekurwisa TB inofanira kutorwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika mipfumbamwe. Mishonga chaiyo uye nguva yekurapwa zvinoenderana nezera remurwere, hutano hwake uye kuramba kwake mushonga.
Kana varwere vasingadi mishonga yekutanga, vanofanira kutsiviwa nemishonga yechipiri. Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa chirwere chemapapu chisingadi mishonga inosanganisira isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) uye streptomycin (SM). Mishonga mishanu iyi inonzi mishonga yekutanga uye inoshanda kune vanopfuura 80% yevarwere vatsva vane chirwere chemapapu.
3 Mibvunzo nemhinduro nezvechirwere cheTiberculosis
Mubvunzo: Chifuva chinogona kurapwa here?
A: 90% yevarwere vane TB yemapapu vanogona kurapwa mushure mekunge varamba vachitora mishonga nguva dzose uye vapedza kurapwa kwakatarwa (mwedzi 6-9). Chero shanduko ipi zvayo mukurapwa inofanira kusarudzwa nachiremba. Kana ukasatora mushonga nenguva uye ukapedza kurapwa, zvinozoita kuti TB isarambe kushandiswa nemishonga. Kana mishonga yangoramba kushandiswa, kurapwa kuchatora nguva yakareba uye zvinozoita kuti kurapwa kukundikane.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinofanira kutariswa nevarwere veTB panguva yekurapwa?
A: Kana wangoonekwa uine TB, unofanira kurapwa nguva dzose nekukurumidza, tevera zano rachiremba, tora mushonga nenguva, ongorora nguva nenguva uye simbisa chivimbo chako. 1. Nyatsoteerera kuzorora uye simbisa kudya kunovaka muviri; 2. Nyatsocherechedza hutsanana hwako, uye vhara muromo wako nemhino nematauro epepa paunenge uchikosora kana kuhotsira; 3. Deredza kubuda uye pfeka chifukidziro chemaziso paunenge uchifanira kubuda.
Mubvunzo: Chifuva chichiri kutapuriranwa here mushure mekurapwa?
A: Mushure mekurapwa kwakajairika, hutachiona hwevarwere vane TB yemapapu hunowanzo derera nekukurumidza. Mushure memavhiki akati wandei ekurapwa, huwandu hwebhakitiriya reTB mu sputum hunodzikira zvakanyanya. Varwere vazhinji vane TB yemapapu isingatapukire vanopedza kurapwa kwese zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekurapa hwakatarwa. Mushure mekusvika padanho rekurapwa, hapana mabhakitiriya eTB anogona kuwanikwa mu sputum, saka haachatapukiri.
Mubvunzo: Chifuva chichiri kutapuriranwa here mushure mekurapwa?
A: Mushure mekurapwa kwakajairika, hutachiona hwevarwere vane TB yemapapu hunowanzo derera nekukurumidza. Mushure memavhiki akati wandei ekurapwa, huwandu hwebhakitiriya reTB mu sputum hunodzikira zvakanyanya. Varwere vazhinji vane TB yemapapu isingatapukire vanopedza kurapwa kwese zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekurapa hwakatarwa. Mushure mekusvika padanho rekurapwa, hapana mabhakitiriya eTB anogona kuwanikwa mu sputum, saka haachatapukiri.
Mhinduro yeTB
Macro & Micro-Test inopa zvigadzirwa zvinotevera:
Kuwanikwa kweMTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) nucleic acid
1. Kuunzwa kwekutonga kwemhando yepamusoro mukati mehurongwa kunogona kutarisa zvizere maitiro ekuyedza uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekuyedza.
2. Kuwedzerwa kwePCR uye probe ye fluorescent zvinogona kusanganiswa.
3. Kunzwa kwakanyanya: muganho wekuona hutachiona ibhakitiriya rimwe chete / mL.
Kuwanikwa kweKusakwanisa kweIsoniazid muMTB
1. Kuunzwa kwekutonga kwemhando yepamusoro mukati mehurongwa kunogona kutarisa zvizere maitiro ekuyedza uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekuyedza.
2. Sisitimu yekuchinja yekuwedzera simba remagetsi yakagadziridzwa pachayo, uye nzira yekubatanidza tekinoroji yeARMS ne fluorescent probe yakagamuchirwa.
3. Kunzwa kwakanyanya: muganho wekuona mabhakitiriya 1000 /mL, uye marudzi asina kuenzana asingarapike nemishonga ane 1% kana kupfuura emarudzi akachinja anogona kuonekwa.
4. Kunyatsojeka: Hapana kusangana pakati pekuchinja kwe (511, 516, 526 na531) nzvimbo ina dzisingashandisi mishonga dze rpoB gene.
Kuonekwa kweMashanduko emuviriKuramba MTB neRifampicin
1. Kuunzwa kwekutonga kwemhando yepamusoro mukati mehurongwa kunogona kutarisa zvizere maitiro ekuyedza uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekuyedza.
2. Nzira yekunyungudutsa yakasanganiswa ne closed fluorescent probe ine RNA bases yakashandiswa pakuona in vitro amplification.
3. Kunzwa kwakanyanya: muganho wekuona mabhakitiriya 50 / mL.
4. Kunyatsojeka: hapana kusangana kwemasero emuropa nemasero evanhu, mamwe mabhakitiriya asina TB uye pneumonia; Nzvimbo dzekuchinja kwemamwe majini emhando ye wild-type mycobacterium tuberculosis asingarapike nemishonga, akadai se katG 315G>C\A uye InhA -15 C>T, dzakaonekwa, uye mhedzisiro yacho haina kuratidza kusangana kwemasero.
Kuongororwa kweMTB nucleic acid (EPIA)
1. Kuunzwa kwekutonga kwemhando yepamusoro mukati mehurongwa kunogona kutarisa zvizere maitiro ekuyedza uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekuyedza.
2. Nzira yekuwedzera tembiricha yekugaya enzyme inoshandiswa, uye nguva yekuona ipfupi, uye mhedzisiro yekuona inogona kuwanikwa mumaminitsi makumi matatu.
3. Kana yakabatana neMacro & Micro-Test sample release agent pamwe neMacro & Micro-Test constant temperature nucleic acid amplification analyzer, iri nyore kushandisa uye yakakodzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
4. Kunzwa kwakanyanya: muganho wekuona wakaderera i1000Copies/mL.
5. Kunyatsotsanangurwa: Hapana kusangana kwemishonga pamwe chete nedzimwe bhakitiriya dze mycobacteria dzisiri dzeTB (dzakadai seMycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, nezvimwewo) nedzimwe hutachiona (dzakadai seStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, nezvimwewo).
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-22-2024