Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) yakonzera mazana emamiriyoni ehutachiona uye mamiriyoni erufu kubva pakatanga chirwere ichi pakupera kwa2019, zvichiita kuti chive dambudziko rehutano pasi rose. Sangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO) rakapa "marudzi mashanu ekutya"[1], kureva Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta neOmicron, uye Omicron mutant strain ndiyo inonyanya kupararira mudenda repasi rose pari zvino. Mushure mekubatwa neOmicron mutant, zviratidzo zvacho hazvina kunyanya kuipa, asi kune vanhu vakasiyana vakaita sevanhu vane dziviriro yemuviri, vakwegura, zvirwere zvisingaperi nevana, njodzi yekurwara zvakanyanya kana kufa mushure mekubatwa ichiri yakakwira. Huwandu hwevakafa neOmicron muOmicron, data rechokwadi rinoratidza kuti avhareji yevakafa nefuruwenza inenge 0.75%, inova ka7 kusvika ka8 kupfuura furuwenza, uye huwandu hwevakafa nefuruwenza, kunyanya avo vane makore anopfuura 80, hunodarika 10%, inova ka100 kupfuura furuwenza.[2]Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvehutachiona zvinosanganisira fivha, kukosora, pahuro yakaoma, pahuro panorwadza, myalgia, nezvimwewo. Varwere vakanyanya kurwara vanogona kunge vaine dyspnea uye/kana hypoxemia.
Kune marudzi mana evhairasi yefuruwenza: A, B, C naD. Mhando huru dzedenda dzinosanganisira subtype A (H1N1) neH3N2, uye strain B (Victoria naYamagata). Furuwenza inokonzerwa nevhairasi yefuruwenza inokonzera denda remwaka uye denda risingatarisirwi gore rega rega, nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekupararira kwaro. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 3.4 vanorapwa zvirwere zvakaita sefuruwenza gore rega rega.[3], uye nyaya dzinosvika 88,100 dzezvirwere zvekufema zvine chekuita nefuruwenza dzinokonzera rufu, zvichikonzera 8.2% yerufu rwezvirwere zvekufema.[4]Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira fivha, musoro, myalgia uye kukosora kwakaoma. Mapoka ane njodzi huru, akadai sevakadzi vane pamuviri, vacheche, vakwegura nevarwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi, vanowanzobatwa nemabayo nezvimwe zvinetso, izvo zvinogona kukonzera rufu muzviitiko zvakakomba.
1 COVID-19 ine njodzi dzefuruwenza.
Kutapukirwa nefuruwenza pamwe chete neCOVID-19 kunogona kuwedzera kukanganiswa kwechirwere ichi. Ongororo yekuBritain inoratidza kuti[5], zvichienzaniswa nehutachiona hweCOVID-19 chete, njodzi yekufefetera kwemuchina uye njodzi yekufa muchipatara muvarwere veCOVID-19 vane hutachiona hwefuruwenza yakawedzera ne4.14 nguva uye 2.35 nguva.
Tongji Medical College yeHuazhong University of Science and Technology yakaburitsa chidzidzo[6], iyo yaisanganisira zvidzidzo makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu zvinosanganisira varwere 62,107 vaiva neCOVID-19. Huwandu hwekupararira kwehutachiona hwefuruwenza hwaive 2.45%, pakati pahwo furuwenza A yaive nehuwandu hwakanyanya. Zvichienzaniswa nevarwere vane COVID-19 chete, varwere vane furuwenza A vane njodzi yakakura yemigumisiro yakaipa, kusanganisira kupinda muICU, rutsigiro rwemhepo inofefetera uye rufu. Kunyangwe kuwanda kwehutachiona hwefuruwenza kwakaderera, varwere vane furuwenza vanotarisana nenjodzi huru yemigumisiro yakaipa.
Kuongorora kwemeta kunoratidza kuti[7], zvichienzaniswa neB-stream, A-stream ine mukana mukuru wekutapukirwa neCOVID-19. Pakati pevarwere 143 vane hutachiona hweA-stream, 74% vane hutachiona hweA-stream, uye 20% vane hutachiona hweB-stream. Kutapukirwa neB-stream kunogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvevarwere, kunyanya pakati pemapoka asina dziviriro akadai sevana.
Ongororo yakaitwa pavana nevechiri kuyaruka vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere vakaiswa muchipatara kana kufa nefuruwenza panguva yefuruwenza muUnited States muna 2021-22 yakawana kuti[8]kuti chiitiko chekutapukirwa pamwe chete nefuruwenza muCOVID-19 chinofanira kutariswa. Pakati pezviitiko zvekurapwa pamwe chete nefuruwenza, 6% vakatapukirwa pamwe chete neCOVID-19 nefuruwenza, uye huwandu hwevakafa pamwe chete nefuruwenza hwakawedzera kusvika pa16%. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti varwere vane COVID-19 nefuruwenza vanoda rubatsiro rwekufema rwakapinda uye rusingapindi kupfuura avo vanongotapukirwa nefuruwenza chete, uye zvinoratidza kuti kutapukirwa pamwe chete kunogona kukonzera njodzi huru yezvirwere muvana.
2 Kuongororwa kwakasiyana kwefuruwenza neCOVID-19.
Zvirwere zvitsva nefuruwenza zvinotapuriranwa zvakanyanya, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvekurapa zvakafanana, zvakaita sefivha, kukosora uye myalgia. Zvisinei, nzira dzekurapa mavhairasi maviri aya dzakasiyana, uye mishonga yekudzivirira utachiona inoshandiswa yakasiyana. Munguva yekurapwa, mishonga inogona kuchinja zviratidzo zvechirwere, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona chirwere ichi chete nezviratidzo. Saka, kuongororwa kwakarurama kweCOVID-19 nefuruwenza kunofanirwa kutsamira pakuonekwa kwehutachiona kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti varwere vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kunoshanda.
Mazano akati wandei ekubvumirana pakuongororwa nekurapwa anoratidza kuti kuziva COVID-19 nefuruwenza nemazvo kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwerabhoritari kwakakosha zvikuru pakugadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hwakakodzera.
Chirongwa cheKuongororwa kweFuruwenza uye Kurapwa (Chinyorwa cha2020)》[9]uye 《Kuongororwa kweFuruwenza Yevakuru uye Kurapwa Kwenyanzvi Yekukurumidzira Yakajairwa (Chinyorwa cha2022)》[10]Zvose zvinojekesa kuti furuwenza yakafanana nedzimwe zvirwere zviri muCOVID-19, uye COVID-19 ine zviratidzo zvishoma uye zvakajairika zvakaita sefivha, kukosora kwakaoma uye pahuro panorwadza, izvo zvisiri nyore kusiyanisa nefuruwenza; Zviratidzo zvakakomba uye zvakakomba zvinosanganisira pneumonia yakanyanya, acute respiratory distress syndrome uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwenhengo dzemuviri, izvo zvakafanana nezviratidzo zvefuruwenza yakaoma uye yakakosha, uye zvinoda kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nechikonzero.
"Kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwekoronavirus itsva uye chirongwa chekurapa (chinyorwa chegumi chekuedza"[11]akataura kuti chirwere cheCovid-19 chinofanira kusiyaniswa nechirwere chekufema chinokonzereswa nemamwe mavhairasi.
3 Musiyano mukurapa furuwenza nehutachiona hweCOVID-19
2019-nCoV nefuruwenza zvirwere zvakasiyana zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi akasiyana, uye nzira dzekurapa dzakasiyana. Kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi nemazvo kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba uye njodzi yekufa kwezvirwere zviviri izvi.
Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mishonga midiki inorwisa mavhairasi yakaita seNimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola uye mishonga inodzivisa mavhairasi yakaita seAmbaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody injection mukudzivirira COVID-19.[12].
Mishonga yekudzivirira furuwenza inonyanya kushandisa mishonga inodzivirira neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Abidor) uye RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), iyo ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pahutachiona hwefuruwenza A neB hwakakurumbira huripo parizvino.[13].
Kusarudza mushonga wakakodzera wekurwisa mavhairasi kwakakosha zvikuru pakurapa 2019-nCoV nefuruwenza. Saka, zvakakosha kuziva utachiona hwacho zvakajeka kuti utungamirire mishonga yekurapa.
4 COVID-19/ Furuwenza A / Furuwenza B kuongororwa katatu kwezvikamu zve nucleic acid zvigadzirwa
Chigadzirwa ichi chinopa ruzivo rwekukurumidza uye rwakaruramaf 2019-nCoV, furuwenza A uye mavhairasi efuruwenza B, uye inobatsira kusiyanisa 2019-nCoV nefuruwenza, zvirwere zviviri zvinotapukira zvekufema zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana asi nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa. Nekuziva chirwere ichi, zvinogona kutungamira kukura kwekiriniki kwezvirongwa zvekurapa zvakanangana uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti varwere vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera nenguva.
Mhinduro yese:
Kuunganidzwa kwemuenzaniso --Kubviswa kweNucleic acid --Kuona reagent -- polymerase chain reaction
Kuzivikanwa kwakarurama: ziva Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), vhairasi yefuruwenza A uye vhairasi yefuruwenza B muchubhu imwe chete.
Inobatwa zvakanyanya: LOD yeCovid-19 ikopi mazana matatu pa mL, uye yehutachiona hwefuruwenza A neB ikopi mazana mashanu pa mL.
Kufukidzwa kwakazara: Covid-19 inosanganisira marudzi ese anozivikanwa ehutachiona hwakachinjwa, nefuruwenza A kusanganisira H1N1 yemwaka, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, nezvimwewo, uye furuwenza B kusanganisira marudzi eVictoria neYamagata, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti hapana anosara asina kuonekwa.
Kudzora mhando kwakavimbika: kudzora kwakavakirwa mukati negative/positive, reference yemukati uye UDG enzyme kudzora mhando kane, kutarisa ma reagents uye mashandiro kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yakarurama.
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya: inoenderana nechishandiso chikuru chePCR chine fluorescence chine nzira ina chiri pamusika.
Kuburitsa otomatiki: neMacro & Micro-Tyakatangwasisitimu yekubvisa nucleic acid otomatiki uye ma reagents ekubvisa, kushanda zvakanaka kwebasa uye kuenderana kwemhedzisiro zvinovandudzika.
Ruzivo rwechigadzirwa
Mareferensi
1. Sangano reWorld Health. Kutevera mhando dzeSARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Dudziro Yesimba _ Liang Wannian: Huwandu hwevakafa muOmicron hwakapetwa ka7 kusvika ka8 kupfuura hwefuruu _ Furuu _ Epidemic _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, nevamwe. Kubvunzana nezvezvirwere zvakaita sefuruwenza zvinosanganisirwa nefuruwenza muChina, 2006-2015: chidzidzo chakavakirwa pahuwandu hwevanhu[J]. Furuwenza Mamwe Mavhairasi Ekufema, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, nevamwe. Kufa kwevanhu vanofema zvakanyanya nefuruu muChina, 2010-15: chidzidzo chakavakirwa pahuwandu hwevanhu[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, nevamwe. SARS-CoV-2 utachiona hwakabatana nemavhairasi efuruwenza, hutachiona hwekufema hwesyncytial, kana mavhairasi eadenovirus. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Kupararira uye mhedzisiro yakabatana yehutachiona hwakabatana pakati peSARS-CoV-2 nefuruwenza: ongororo yakarongeka uye meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Kutapukirwa pamwe chete kweSARS-CoV-2 nefuruwenza: Ongororo yakarongeka uye meta-analysis. J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Gunyana; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, nevamwe. Kupararira kweSARS-CoV-2 neInfluenza Coinfection uye Hunhu hweKliniki Pakati peVana neVechidiki Vane Makore Asingasviki 18 Vakaiswa muChipatara kana Vakafa neInfluenza - United States, Mwaka weInfluenza wa2021-22. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. Komiti yeNational Health and Wellness yePeople's Republic of China (PRC), hutungamiriri hwehurumende hwemishonga yechivanhu yeChinese. Chirongwa cheKuongororwa kweFuruwenza neKurapwa (Chinyorwa cha2020) [J]. Chinyorwa cheChinese cheZvirwere Zvinotapukira zveKliniki, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Bazi reEmergency Physician reChinese Medical Association, Bazi reEmergency Medicine reChinese Medical Association, Bazi reEmergency Medical Association reChina, Bazi reEmergency Medical Association reBeijing, Komiti yeChiremba yeEmergency Medicine yeChina People's Liberation Army. Kubvumirana kweNyanzvi dzeEmergency paKuongororwa neKurapwa kweFuruwenza yeVakuru (Chinyorwa cha2022) [J]. Chinese journal of critical care medicine, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
11. Hofisi Yese yeHurumende Hutano neHutano, Dhipatimendi Rese reHurumende Kutarisirwa kweMishonga Yechivanhu yeChina. Ziviso pamusoro peKudhinda neKuparadzira Chirongwa chitsva cheKuongororwa kweCoronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Tenth Edition).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, nevamwe. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana pakurapa mavhairasi kuvanhu vatsva vane coronavirus [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Bazi reEmergency Physician reChinese Medical Association, Bazi reEmergency Medicine reChinese Medical Association, Bazi reEmergency Medical Association reChina, Bazi reEmergency Medical Association reBeijing, Komiti yeChiremba yeEmergency Medicine yeChina People's Liberation Army. Kubvumirana kweNyanzvi dzeEmergency paKuongororwa neKurapwa kweFuruwenza yeVakuru (Chinyorwa cha2022) [J]. Chinese journal of critical care medicine, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-29-2024