Muna Kubvumbi 2026, ngarava yeDutch ine mureza wepolar expeditionMS HondiusVakabva kuUshuaia, Argentina. Musi wa6 Kubvumbi, mumwe mufambi akatanga fivha nemusoro, ndokuzofa ari muchikepe mazuva mashanu gare gare. Mudzimai wake akarwarawo ndokuzofa mushure mekutamisirwa kuSouth Africa. Mushure mezvo, mumwe mufambi wekuBritain ane makore makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa akaongororwa aine hantavirus uye achiri muchipatara chakanyanya. Kubva musi wa13 Chivabvu, World Health Organization yakashuma.Vanhu gumi nerimwe vakabatwa nechirwere ichi uye vanhu vatatu vakafazvakabatana nekuputika kwechikepe.
I. Kuongororwa kweMavhairasi uye Mhando dzezvirwere
Mavhairasi eHanta iboka remavhairasi eRNA anotakurwa zvakanyanya nemakonzo, ari murudzi rweOrthohantavirus mumhuri yeBunyaviridae. Majini avo anezvikamu zvitatu (L, M, uye S), inonyora RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoproteins, uye nucleocapsid protein, zvichiteerana. Zvichibva pakupararira kwenzvimbo uye zviratidzo zvekiriniki, ma hantaviruses akakamurwa kuvamapoka maviri makuru:
Hantaviruses dzeNyika Yekare(inowanikwa muEurope, Asia, neAfrica) chikonzeroFivha yeHemorrhagic ine Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Mavhairasi anomiririra chirwere ichi anosanganisira Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), uye Puumala virus (PUUV). Anonyanya kurwisa itsvo, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweitsvo, kubuda ropa, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, shock. Huwandu hwevakafa hunowanzosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwevhairasi asi kazhinji hunotangira pa<1% kusvika 5-15%.
Mavhairasi eHantavirus eNyika Itsva(inopararira kuNorth neSouth America) chikonzeroHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Mavhairasi anomiririra anosanganisira Sin Nombre virus (SNV) neAndes virus (ANDV). Anonyanya kunanga mapapu, zvichikonzera kubuda kweropa nekukurumidza kusingakonzerese cardiogenic pulmonary edema, kufema kwakanyanya, uye cardiovascular impairment. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvakafanana nefuruu (fivha, myalgia, gastrointestinal epilepsy), asi chirwere ichi chinogona kukurumidza kufambira mberi kusvika pakukundikana kufema, nehuwandu hwevakafa hunosvika 30-50%.
Kupararira kwedambudziko rengarava kwakakonzerwa zvakanyanya neUtachiona hweAndes (ANDV), iyo iri yeHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)rudzi rwechirudzi.
II. Mavhairasi eHantavirusi echinyakare eHFRS akabatana neAndes Virus (HPS)
III. Nzira dzekutumira
Hantavirus inonyanya kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nekusangana zvakananga netsvina, mate, kana weti yemakonzo ane utachiona, kana kuti nakufema tsvina yakaputirwa nemhepoDzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira:
-Kurumwa kana kukwenywa nemakonzo ane utachiona;
-Kudya chikafu chakasvibiswa ne weti, tsvina, kana mate ane utachiona;
-Kubata maziso, mhino, kana muromo mushure mekusangana nezvinhu zvine utachiona.
Kutapurirana kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu hakuwanzoitikiasi zvakasimbiswa kutiUtachiona hweAndes (ANDV).
IV. Global Hantavirus Contacting - Kuongororwa kweNucleic Acid uye Kutevedzana seCore Technologies
Mushure mekupararira kweANDV, vakuru vezvehutano munyika dzinopfuura gumi - kusanganisira Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, neSwitzerland - vakatanga panguva imwe chete kutevedza vanhu vane chirwere ichi uye kutarisa vanhu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi. France, United States, nedzimwe nyika dzakaramba dzichitevera hutano hwevagari vadzo vakadzoka kubva mungarava yakabatwa.
Muchirongwa ichi chekukurumidzira chinoitwa nenyika dzakawanda,kuyedzwa kwe nucleic acid uye kutevedzana kwema genomicvakaita basa guru rinokosha:
-Kuedzwa kweNucleic acidinopa humbowo hwakajeka hwekuzivikanwa kwehutachiona nekukurumidza;
-Kutevedzana kwemajiniinopa humbowo husingatsivike hwemamorekuru hwekutsvaga kwakabva hutachiona, kusimbisa nzira dzekutapurirana, uye kuongorora shanduko dzehutachiona.
V. Mhinduro dzeKuona Hantavirus (Kunyanya HPS Type)
1. Kuzivikanwa Kwepakutanga Kwehutachiona
1.1 Kuongororwa Kwenzvimbo Yekutarisira (POCT)
Kuongorora nemazvo uye kuongororwa kwekukurumidzira -muenzaniso-kusvika-mugumisiro muawa imwe chete.
1.2 PCR Yakajairika
2. Mhinduro dzeKutevedzana
Kuziva utachiona uye kutsvaga chirwere ichi muzviitiko zvehutachionafivha isingazivikanwe kwayakabva, kunetseka kwekufema, kana zviratidzo zvekubuda ropa.
Zvinhu zvikuru:
VI. Ruzivo Rwakasimbiswa rweKushanda
Kuongororwa kwemasampuru e hantavirus-positive kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekuongorora kutevedzana kwemajini ese emuviri>99% kufukidza majini pa 30× kudzika.
Kuongorora majini emumvura yakasviba uye huwandu hwemajini emuno (hantavirus genotype) zvinogoneka.
VII. Zvishandiso Zvakafanana
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-14-2026