1 chii chinonzi malaria
Marariya chirwere chinotapukira chinogona kudzivirirwa uye kurapwa, chinozivikanwa se "shakes" uye "cold fever", uye chimwe chezvirwere zvinotapukira zvinotyisidzira hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rese zvakanyanya.
Malaria chirwere chinotapukira chinotapuriranwa nezvipembenene chinokonzerwa nekurumwa neAnopheles kana kuwedzerwa ropa kubva kuvanhu vane plasmodium.
Kune mhando ina dze plasmodium parasitic pamuviri wemunhu:
Nzvimbo mbiri dzedenda
Kusvika pari zvino, denda remarariya pasi rose richiri rakakomba zvikuru, uye vanhu vanosvika 40% pasi rose vanogara munzvimbo dzine malaria yakawanda.
Malaria ichiri chirwere chakakomba zvikuru muAfrica, nevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mazana mashanu vanogara munzvimbo dzine malaria yakawanda. Gore rega rega, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni zana pasi rose vane zviratidzo zvemalaria, 90% yavo vari muAfrica, uye vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri vanofa nemalaria gore rega rega. Southeast neCentral Asia inzvimbowo dzine malaria yakawanda. Malaria ichiri kupararira muCentral neSouth America.
Musi wa30 Chikumi, 2021, WHO yakazivisa kuti China yakapihwa chitupa chekuti haina malaria.
3 nzira yekupararira kwemarariya
01. Kutapurirana kwemhutu
Nzira huru yekutumira:
Kurumwa neumhutu hune plasmodium.
02. Kutapurirana ropa
Malaria inoberekwa nayo inogona kukonzerwa ne placenta yakakuvara kana ropa raamai rakabatwa ne plasmodium panguva yekusununguka.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokwanisikawo kutapukirwa nemarariya nekutumira ropa rine plasmodium.
4 Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvemarariya
Kubva pakutapukirwa neplasmodium kuvanhu kusvika pakutanga (tembiricha yemuromo inodarika 37.8℃), inonzi nguva yekudzikisa hutachiona.
Nguva yekuyamwisa inosanganisira nguva yese yeinfrared uye nguva yekutanga yekubereka ye red period. General vivax malaria, ovoid malaria kwemazuva gumi nemana, falciparum malaria kwemazuva gumi nemaviri, uye malaria kwemazuva matatu kwemazuva makumi matatu.
Huwandu hwakasiyana hwemajekiseni ane utachiona, marudzi akasiyana, dziviriro yakasiyana yemuviri yevanhu uye nzira dzakasiyana dzehutachiona zvinogona kukonzera nguva dzakasiyana dzekubereka.
Kune mhando dzezvipembenene dzinonzi long latency munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, dzinogona kureba kusvika kumwedzi 8 kusvika 14.
Nguva yekufukidzwa kwehutachiona hwekuwedzerwa ropa mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi. Malaria yemwana asati aberekwa ine nguva pfupi yekufukidzwa kwemwana.
Nguva yekuyamwisa inogona kuwedzerwa kune vanhu vane dziviriro yemuviri kana avo vakambotora mishonga yekudzivirira chirwere.
5 Kudzivirira uye Kurapa
01. Malaria inoparadzirwa neumhutu. Kuzvidzivirira ndicho chinhu chakakosha kudzivirira kurumwa neumhutu. Kunyanya panze, edza kupfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira, dzakadai semaoko marefu nemabhurugwa. Ganda rakavhurika rinogona kuputirwa nemishonga inorwisa umhutu.
02. Ita basa rakanaka mukuchengetedza mhuri, shandisa mambure ekudzivirira umhutu, vhara magonhi nemadziro, uye pfapfaidza mishonga inouraya umhutu muimba yekurara usati warara.
03. Nyatsocherechedzai hutsanana hwezvakatipoteredza, bvisai marara nemasora, zadzai makomba etsvina, uye itai basa rakanaka mukudzivirira umhutu.
mhinduro
Macro-Micro & Tyakatangwayakagadzira nhevedzano yemidziyo yekuona malaria, iyo inogona kushandiswa pa fluorescence PCR platform, isothermal amplification platform uye immunochromatography platform, uye inopa mhinduro yakazara uye yakazara yekuongorora, kutarisa kurapwa uye fungidziro yehutachiona hweplasmodium:
01/puratifomu ye immunochromatographic
Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenKiti yekuona
Kiti yekuona antigen yePlasmodium falciparum
Kiti yekuona maantigen ePlasmodium
Yakakodzera kuonekwa uye kuzivikanwa kwePlasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) kana Plasmodium vivax (PM) muropa remutsinga kana ropa remutsinga revanhu vane zviratidzo zvemalaria uye zviratidzo mu vitro, uye inogona kubatsira pakuongorora hutachiona hweplasmodium.
Kushanda kuri nyore: nzira yematanho matatu
Kuchengetera nekutakurisa tembiricha yemukamuri: Kuchengetera nekutakurisa tembiricha yemukamuri kwemwedzi makumi maviri nemana.
Mhedzisiro chaiyo: kunzwisisika kwakanyanya uye kunyatsojeka.
02/fluorescent PCR puratifomu
Kiti yekuona plasmodium nucleic acid
Yakakodzera kuonekwa uye kuzivikanwa kwePlasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) kana Plasmodium vivax (PM) muropa remutsinga kana ropa remutsinga revanhu vane zviratidzo zvemalaria uye zviratidzo mu vitro, uye inogona kubatsira pakuongorora hutachiona hweplasmodium.
Kudzora hunhu hwemukati: nyatso tarisa maitiro ekuyedza kuti uve nechokwadi chehunhu hwekuyedza.
Kunzwa kwakanyanya: Makopi mashanu/μL
Kunyatsojeka: hapana kusangana kwezvirwere zvinopararira mukufema.
03/Chikuva chekuwedzera tembiricha nguva dzose.
Kiti yekuona plasmodium nucleic acid
Yakakodzera kuonekwa kwe plasmodium nucleic acid mumasampuli eropa anofungidzirwa kuti ane hutachiona ne plasmodium.
Kudzora hunhu hwemukati: nyatso tarisa maitiro ekuyedza kuti uve nechokwadi chehunhu hwekuyedza.
Kunzwa kwakanyanya: Makopi mashanu/μL
Kunyatsojeka: hapana kusangana kwezvirwere zvinopararira mukufema.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-26-2024