Chidzidzo chakabudiswa munguva pfupi yapfuura muMicrobiomeyakaita ongororo yehutachiona hwehutachiona pamhuka diki dzesango dzinosvika 846—kusanganisira zviremwaremwa, makonzo, uye shrews—dzakaunganidzwa muSierra Leone, West Africa. Chidzidzo ichi chakaona huwandu hwemavhairasi eRNA ane chekuita nemhuka dzinoyamwisa hunosvika 39, hunosanganisira mavhairasi matsva makumi maviri nematanhatu uye gumi nematatu aimbozivikanwa. Pakati peaya, mhuri yeParamyxoviridae yakaratidza kusiyana kukuru, nepo makonzo aive nehuwandu hukuru hwemarudzi evhairasi (n = 26).
Kuongororwa kwenjodzi yezvirwere zvevana kwakaratidza mavhairasi matatu anozivikanwa ezvirwere zvevana—hutachiona hweencephalomyocarditis, hutachiona hweLassa, uye Rocahepevirus sp—pamwe chete nemavhairasi matatu anogona kukonzera njodzi yekupararira kwechirwere ichi: hutachiona hweMelian, hutachiona hwechipembenene hwechiropa, uye hutachiona hweHunnivirus A. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti, pakati pemavhairasi matsva akawanikwa, Bat ledantevirus 2 yakaratidza hukama hwepedyo nehutachiona hweLe Dantec hunokonzera chirwere kuvanhu. Ongororo yeserological yakawanawo kuti ma antibodies anodzivisa hutachiona uhu anodzivirira mu2.8% yevagari vemo, zvichiratidza kuti vanhu havana kumbobvira vasangana nechirwere ichi kare, zvichida vasati vaonekwa.
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwenzvimbo yakakura ine utachiona hunowanikwa mumakonzo kuWest Africa uye zvinosimbisa kukosha kwemaitiro ekuongorora akabatanidzwa pakati pevanhu nemhuka. Kubatanidza kuongorora metagenomic nekusimbisa serological kunopa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekuona mavhairasi ane simba rekuzvarwa kwemhuka uye anogona kubuda.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinopfuura 60% zviri kubuda muvanhu zvakabva mumasango emhuka, zviremwaremwa, makonzo, uye shiri dzinozivikanwa senzvimbo huru dzemavhairasi ezvirwere zvemhuka. Africa inoonekwa zvakanyanya senzvimbo ine zvirwere zvemhuka. Semuenzaniso, Sierra Leone yakashuma nyaya dzinopfuura 28,000 panguva yedenda reEbola ra2014-2016.
Kunyangwe paine mutoro wakakura wezvirwere zvemhuka dzinotapukira munharaunda iyi, kusiyana-siyana uye kupararira kwemavhairasi mumhuka diki dzinotapukira dzemusango hakusati kwanyatsoonekwa. Kuti vagadzirise musiyano uyu, vaongorori vakaita ongororo yakarongeka yemhuka diki dzinotapukira dzemusango dzinosvika 846 dzakabatwa munzvimbo nhatu muSierra Leone pakati pa2018 na2023. Chidzidzo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekuratidza kusiyana-siyana kwemavhairasi, kuona vanhu vane mukana wekupararira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kuongorora njodzi yemhuka dzinotapukira, uye kugadzira humbowo hunotsigira masisitimu ekuyambira ezvirwere zvinotapukira zviri kubuda.
Nzira Dzepakati
Chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa nzira yakazara yekushanda kwemetagenomics yehutachiona:
- Kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso:Nyama dzemwoyo, chiropa, chirwatata, mapapu, uye itsvo dzakaunganidzwa, dzikaunganidzwa, dzikaiswa muchimiro chimwe chete, uye dzakabviswa RNA yese.
- Kurongeka uye kuungana:Kudzikira kweRibosomal RNA kwakaitwa raibhurari isati yagadzirwa, zvichiteverwa nekutevedzana kwe high-throughput uchishandisa Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Mavhairasi akaunganidzwa kubva patsva.
- Kuzivikanwa kwehutachiona:Mavhairasi akawanikwa zvichibva pakurongeka kwemajini eRNA polymerase (RdRp) anoenderana neRNA. Mavhairasi ane chekuita nemapfupa emusana chete ndiwo akachengetwa, kunze kwemavhairasi emabhakitiriya, fungus, uye emiti.
- Kuongorora ruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu:Kugadziriswazve kwemuviri, ongororo yekubatanidza, kutevedzera network yekutapurirana kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, uye kuongororwa kwengozi yemhuka dzinoberekwa nemhuka kwakaitwa.
- Kusimbiswa kweSerological:Muedzo wekudzivirira utachiona hweBat ledantevirus 2 wakagadzirwa neVSV. Ma antibodies anodzivirira utachiona akaonekwa mu2.8% yehutachiona hwevanhu, zvichipa humbowo hwekuti utachiona hunogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka.
KudzidzaMhedzisiro
1. Kuwanikwa kwehutachiona uye kusiyana-siyana
Chidzidzo ichi chakaita ongororo ye transcriptomic sequencing pamhuka dzesango 846 dzakaunganidzwa muSierra Leone, kusanganisira makonzo, zviremwaremwa, uye shrews. Zvichibva pa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene sequences yakazara, huwandu hwema RNA viruses akabatana nemhuka dzinoyamwisa hwakawanikwa, hunosanganisira ma viruses gumi nematatu aimbozivikanwa uye ma viruses matsva makumi maviri nematanhatu.
Panyaya yekuumbwa kwehutachiona, mhuri yeParamyxoviridae yakaratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusiyana-siyana pakati pemarudzi ese matatu ehutachiona, ichiteverwa neAstroviridae nePicornaviridae. Nezvekupararira kwehutachiona, makonzo akapa huwandu hukuru hwehutachiona, aine marudzi makumi maviri nematanhatu ehutachiona, zvichiratidza basa rawo guru senzvimbo dzinochengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwehutachiona munharaunda iyi.
2. Njodzi yeZoonotic
Kuongororwa kwenjodzi yemhuka kwakaratidza mavhairasi matatu anozivikanwa emhuka: vhairasi yeencephalomyocarditis, vhairasi yeLassa, uye mhando dzeRocahepevirus. Pamusoro pezvo, mavhairasi matatu—vhairasi yeMelian, vhairasi yehepatitis yemakonzo, uye vhairasi yeHunnivirus A—akaonekwa seanogona kukonzera njodzi yekupararira kwechirwere ichi.
Pakati pemavhairasi makumi maviri nematanhatu akawanikwa, mana acho akafungidzirwa kuti ane simba guru rekukura kwezvirwere zvemhuka zvichibva pahunhu hwe phylogenetic uye genomic. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti, Bat ledantevirus 2 yakaratidza hukama hwepedyo ne phylogenetic nehutachiona hweLe Dantec hunozivikanwa hunokonzera chirwere ichi.
Ongororo yakazotevera yezvirwere zvemasero yakatsigirawo zvakawanikwa izvi, sezvo masoja ekudzivirira chirwere cheBat ledantevirus 2 akaonekwa mu2.8% yesera kubva kuvagari vemo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hutachiona husingazivikanwe kana husina zviratidzo hunogona kunge hwatovepo muvanhu, zvichiratidza nzira inogona kupararira kwezvirwere zvemhuka asi isati yamboonekwa.
3. Dynamics yeTransmission yeMhando Dzemarudzi
Ongororo yekupararira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana yakaratidza kuti makonzo ane chinzvimbo chikuru mukati me network yekugovana mavhairasi, achishanda senzvimbo huru dzinobatsira kuchinjana kwehutachiona pakati pemarudzi anogamuchira. Mavhairasi gumi nemashanu akaonekwa seane mukana wekupararira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.
Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kwemaitiro ekutapurirana kwehutachiona kwakaratidza kuti kugovaniswa kwehutachiona kwaiitika kakawanda pakati pevanogara mukati mehurongwa humwe chete hwehutachiona, zvichiratidza kuti hukama hwevanogara hune basa rakakosha mukupararira kwehutachiona. Kusiyana neizvi, zviremwaremwa zvakaratidza kugona kwakaderera kwekutapurirana kwehutachiona hwe ...
Zvakakosha, humbowo hwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka hwakaonekwa mune mamwe mavhairasi. Semuenzaniso, vhairasi yeMelian, iyo yaimboonekwa seyakanangana nema shrews, yakaonekwawo mumakonzo muchidzidzo ichi, zvichiratidza kuchinja kunogona kuitika mukuchinjika kwemhuka uye njodzi yakakura yekupararira kwakakura.
Mhedziso uye Zvinorehwa Nehutano Hweveruzhinji
- Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemafungu emhuka dzesango diki:Kuwanikwa kwemavhairasi eRNA makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, kusanganisira marudzi matsva makumi maviri nematanhatu, kunoratidza nzvimbo yakakura yehutachiona munharaunda iyi uye kunoratidza kekutanga mavhairasi matsva ane mukana wepamusoro wezvirwere zvemhuka (semuenzaniso, Bat ledantevirus 2).
- Makonzo sezvinangwa zvekutarisa zvakanyanya:Makonzo anoshanda senzvimbo huru dzekutapurirana kwehutachiona uye ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachiona, zvichiratidza njodzi huru yekupararira kwehutachiona.
- Kudiwa kwemaitiro akabatanidzwa ekutarisa:Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinotsigira kukoshesa makonzo muzvirongwa zvekuongorora uye kushandisa nzira dzakabatana dzinosanganisa metagenomics, serology, uye ecological monitoring panzvimbo dzinosangana vanhu nemhuka dzesango.
Zvose, chidzidzo ichi chinopa humbowo hwakakosha hunotsigira masisitimu ekuyambira pakutanga uye hurongwa hwekuongorora njodzi dzezvirwere zvinopararira kubva kumhuka, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwekutarisa nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.
Ruzivo rweChigadzirwa
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-23-2026